Templates
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Quicklinks
If you know what this is all about and you only need to go to specific templates:
Overview
In addition to cross build and debugging support, GNU ARM Eclipse plug-ins also provide several C/C++ project templates, that generate ready to run projects.
These projects obviously are not full fledged applications, but provide a good starting point for writing such applications.
One of the main requirements is to build correctly, even if functionality is only sketchy.
Install
The template plug-ins are installed using the same procedure as the other plug-ins:
- in the Eclipse menu, go to Help → Install New Software
- select Work with: GNU ARM Eclipse Plug-ins
- extend the GNU ARM C/C++ Cross Development Tools
- be sure the desired … Project Template are selected
C vs C++
Most of the GNU ARM Eclipse templates are available for both C and C++ projects. The first difference between the two is the extension of the main source file: it is main.c for C projects and main.cpp for C++ projects. The content is usually the same, but more elaborate versions are planned to better exemplify the use of C++.
CMSIS
After defining a minimum common hardware implementation in the Cortex-M core, to be implemented by all vendors, ARM also defined CMSIS (pronounced sim-sys) as a common software interface, to be used with all Cortex-M implementations. CMSIS stands for Cortex Microcontroller Software Interface Standard and consists of several components (CORE, DSP, RTOS, SVD).
The GNU ARM Eclipse plug-in uses the CMSIS-CORE code in all templates, as jointly provided by ARM and each vendor.
Blinky vs Empty
Based on a long tradition among the embedded application developers, the first challenge when encountering a new board is to make it blink a LED. It doesn’t seem much, but in fact there are many details that must fit together for this to work:
- the startup code must be functional
- the manufacturer CMSIS initialisations must set the desired clock
- the GPIO definitions/drivers must be available
- the memory map and the linker scripts must match the actual hardware
- eventualy the newlib printf() must be directed to an available device for viewing the trace messages
The Blinky templates do exactly this, take care of all these details. The observed functionality is relatively simple, the board blinks a LED with 1Hz. To exercise the interrupts, the time base is obtained with the SysTick configured at 1000Hz, with the delay() function counting ticks.
Once all details are understood, a real life application does not really need the code to blink the LED, but rather start with an empty slate. This is the purpose of the Empty templates, that provide the entire environment of the Blinky templates, but without any code in main().
Project structure
Most generated projects share a common folders structure, similar to the following:
Application code
The application code is located in the top level src and include folders. Add more files as required by your application.
Linker scripts
The linker scripts are grouped in a ldscripts folder. For convenience, the definitions were split in separate files to define the memory map and the content of the sections, but any other structure is acceptable, only update the link configuration.
Local libraries
Various libraries are grouped in the system folder. According to ARM specifications, the Cortex Microcontroller Software Interface Standard (CMSIS) is used, and all related definitions are grouped in the CMSIS folder.
Available templates
Generic templates
ST Micro templates
- STM32F0xx template
- STM32F1xx template
- STM32F2xx template
- STM32F3xx template
- STM32F4xx template
Freescale templates
- Kinetis KLxx templates
- Processor Expert template
Adding new templates
Considering the large number of existing Cortex-M implementations, it is not realistic to expect templates for all of them.
If you use a processor that has no template yet, and want to contribute to this project, the first step is to create a project that mimics the Blinky variant of an existing template. This means you need to have the CMSIS specific files publicly available (yes, this seems strange, but some manufacturers do not provide these files) and eventually the standard peripheral library.
If you have such a project, you can register a new feature request and attach your project to the request, for us to review and eventually use as a base for a new template.
